The COP serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP) meets annually, coinciding with the COP. States that are Parties to the Protocol are represented in the CMP, as well as other States, NGOs and UN agencies, who are allowed to participate as observers.

The CMP reviews the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol and takes decisions to promote its effective implementation.

The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in 1997 and legally binds developed countries to emission reduction targets. The protocol's first commitment period started in 2008 and ends on December 31, 2012. A second commitment period will follow as the first one ends.