WASHINGTON - A controversial policy promoting
abstinence education to fight AIDS may be the best way to get men to treat women
better, which experts agree is key to battling the AIDS epidemic, U.S.
government AIDS officials said on Wednesday.
But a congressional investigator said a study found that the policy often
confused AIDS workers and may have interfered with prevention efforts.
"We are teaching young men a lot of important lessons about respecting
women," U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator Mark Dybul told the hearing of the U.S.
House of Representatives Subcommittee on National Security, Emerging Threats and
International Relations.
The legislation that funds the President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief, or
PEPFAR, requires that 33 percent of all money spent on prevention in 2006 must
be used to promote abstinence. This has been controversial, with some groups
that are funded by PEPFAR complaining they cannot provide services because of
the restriction.
Dybul defended the ABC policy - which stands for Abstain from sex before
marriage, Be faithful, and use Condoms - as the best way to achieve this. "The
data for ABC are overwhelming," Dybul said.
The AIDS virus infects close to 40 million people globally and has killed
nearly 25 million.
CARE says that worldwide, 80 percent of women newly infected with HIV are
monogamous, but their husbands or partners are not. In sub-Saharan Africa, women
make up 60 percent of those infected with HIV.
Experts agree a big part of the problem is that women globally are unable to
refuse sex and are unable to force men to be faithful or to use condoms.
Dybul said PEPFAR was addressing this.
"If men learn ABC, if men practice ABC, gender issues become easier to deal
with," Dybul said. "Men will negotiate."
He described a program in Namibia that aims to stigmatize older men, called
"sugar daddies," who prey sexually on young girls. "Sometimes stigmatization is
a good thing," he said.
He also defended the use of religious pressure.
"If these folks are from a Muslim culture or orthodox culture and if there is
something there that stresses monogamy or faith or not lying, for goodness sakes
use those arguments," Dybul said. "We have got to stop the spread of HIV."
Connecticut Republican Rep. Christopher Shays, who held the hearing, said
perhaps the problem simply lies in the way the funding legislation is written -
it requires that 33 percent of prevention funds spent in 2006 be spent promoting
abstinence.
"The program you just described, teaching a different behavior, I think there
is a logic to that," Shays said. "But there is no logic to me that says
one-third (of funding) should go that way."
President George W. Bush has asked Congress for $4 billion to fight AIDS in
2007, a big increase from the $3.2 billion budgeted this year and by far the
biggest amount spent by any government.
David Gootnick, director of international affairs and trade at the General
Accountability Office, said a GAO study showed that abstinence-until-marriage
spending requirement "presents challenges to most" of the groups trying to spend
that money.
"About half of the country teams indicated that adherence to the spending
requirement can undermine the integrated nature of HIV/AIDS prevention
programs," Gootnick told the hearing.
