3-D point cloud technology helps photographers to have a better rendering of the murals [Photo provided to China Daily]

Apart from keeping accurate records of the murals and statues, archaeologists need to do the same for the caves, including taking high-definition photos, so that if one day the caves are destroyed for any reason, records will yield enough information that will allow the Mogao Grottoes to be fully and accurately replicated.

After Cai drew all the lines on the gridded paper the lines needed to be copied onto imitation parchment for publication.

"It's an extremely complex job, and very time-consuming," he says, adding that there were too many inaccuracies measuring with rudimentary tools.

"People draw differently. Some are good, some bad. They have very different styles."

Dunhuang Academy was founded in 1944 by Chang Shuhong. At the very beginning, the older generation planned to take care of the archaeological records, but until the 1990s the project was behind schedule.

It planned to publish 100 volumes of archaeological record of this UNESCO World Heritage site, covering everything in the Mogao Grottoes, and the nearby Yulin Grottoes and Western Thousand-Buddha Cave.

The first of the 100 volumes published in 2011 includes caves numbered from 266 to 275. Generally using the old way of surveying a cave would take two to three people five to six years.

"We will be able to finish all the surveying and mapping in four years thanks to 3-D point-cloud scanning technology," Cai says.