8. Some Egyptian doctors had specialized fields of study.
部分古埃及醫生早已開始細化醫學研究

An ancient physician was usually a jack-of-all-trades, but evidence shows that Egyptian doctors sometimes focused on healing only one part of the human body.
一般來說，古代的內科醫師都是雜家，但有史料表明，在埃及，部分醫師有時只專門治療身體某部位的疾病。

This early form of medical specialization was first noted in 450 B.C. by the traveler and historian Herodotus. Discussing Egyptian medicine, he wrote, “Each physician is a healer of one disease and no more…some of the eye, some of the teeth, some of what pertains to the belly.”
早在公元前450年，希羅多德，古希臘著名旅行家、歷史學家，他首次發現了這種醫學分科細化的早期形式。關于埃及醫學，他寫道：“每位醫師只專注于治療一種疾病，僅限于一種......有人治療眼睛疾病，有人治療牙齒，有人研究肚子里的器官。”

These specialists even had specific names. Dentists were known as “doctors of the tooth,” while the term for proctologists literally translates to “shepherd of the anus.”
這些專家還有專業的名字。如牙醫被稱為“牙齒專用醫師”，直腸科醫師的名稱字面意思就是“肛門的看管者”。