India's tobacco industry has sought to delay strict new health warning rules by appealing to the country's highest court, a move anti-smoking activists said could backfire given that the court has ruled against cigarette makers in the past.

Earlier this month Indian tobacco companies, some backed by "Big Tobacco" firms in the West, effectively went on strike by closing factories in protest against demands that 85 percent of a cigarette packet's surface be covered by health warnings, up from the older requirement of 20 percent.

The industry estimated the stoppages cost it as much as $68 million a day, taking cumulative losses to up to $850 million.

Similar battles have played out around the world in recent years as governments try to discourage smoking. On a few occasions, major tobacco producers have resorted to drastic action by freezing output.

That tactic worked in India in 2010, when the government delayed a set of warnings proposed at the time after the industry shuttered plants.

But this time New Delhi's room to compromise is more limited, court documents and interviews with federal health ministry officials and activists suggest.

The documents show how a small group of health activists have outmaneuvered the $11 billion industry and cornered the government into implementing the rules on April 1.

Their strategy has left the Supreme Court as one of the last avenues of appeal for cigarette makers.

"The tide has turned and the tobacco industry is on a downhill slope," said one of the activists, Sanjay Seth.

In 2013, the court pulled up the government for not being serious about tobacco-control laws.

The Tobacco Institute of India, an industry lobby group, which declined to comment for this story, has called the packaging rules drastic and impractical, saying the law will increase smuggling of illegal cigarettes.

On April 8, an industry group that represents makers of traditional smokes, or beedis, in south India went to the Supreme Court to challenge the rules, according to the filing seen by Reuters on Thursday. It was not previously reported.

The plea, filed by the Karnataka Beedi Industry Association, seeks a stay in enforcing the new rules, saying that they would bring the industry to a "grinding halt" and "cause grave and irreparable harm and loss".

A hearing is scheduled for April 22.

The appeal against the packaging regulations, which are among the world's strictest, does not directly involve major cigarette makers, but any ruling could also apply to them.