Caring for grandchildren may be beneficial for mental health, but only if caregiving responsibilities are not burdensome to the elderly, a study on Chinese immigrants living in America has found.

Research from the ongoing Population Study of Chinese Elderly (PINE), in Chicago, was carried in the recent The Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences Volume 72:S1.

Researchers doctors Man Guo, Ling Xu, and Xin Qidong from the PINE study interviewed more than 3000 elderly Chinese immigrants living in the US.

They examined factors such as family conflicts, and the association between grandchildren caregiving, filial discrepancy, and depression.

The study found that family relationships may both benefit and harm the mental health among elderly Chinese.

The study said Chinese populations consider family as the major source of protection against hardships, such as immigration. "Adult children fulfilling filial obligations and grandparents providing care for grandchildren are traditional ways to strengthen the family connections within Chinese families."

However, little was known about how these traditional values affect the mental health of Chinese older adults within immigrant families.

Some of the main findings the study showed older adults who did not feel their children fulfilling the cultural expectation of filial obligations were more likely to have both family and marital conflict.

The study found that caring for grandchildren may be beneficial for mental health, but only if caregiving responsibilities are not burdensome. Chinese elderly were at risk of symptoms of depression when expecting more care from children than they actually received.

The study deduced that intergenerational relations may become a "double-edge sword" that benefit or harm the mental health of Chinese older adults, as immigration had changed the pattern of filial obligations fulfillment and grandparent caregiving.

In order to improve the wellbeing of Chinese older adults, Guo says: "Educational programs may be designed to help both younger and older immigrants to have conversations about expectations, challenges, and adaptations of family relations in the new society. Developing ways of enhancing the independence of older adults while preserving their close relations with families will be the key for such planning."

Xu adds: "Additionally, though a positive impact of grandchild care on psychological well-being was found for Chinese American grandparent caregivers, both grandparent and middle parent generations should be aware that grandparent caregiving is of a choice, not an obligation. When burden is perceived in caring for grandchildren, specific efforts are needed to identify and reach out to grandparent caregivers who are in need of help."