日批在线视频_内射毛片内射国产夫妻_亚洲三级小视频_在线观看亚洲大片短视频_女性向h片资源在线观看_亚洲最大网

USEUROPEAFRICAASIA 中文雙語Fran?ais
Opinion
Home / Opinion / Op-Ed Contributors

Price of anarchy, a price worth paying

By Carlo Ratti and Dirk Helbing | China Daily | Updated: 2016-10-21 07:58

Price of anarchy, a price worth paying

Amazon boxes are seen stacked for delivery in the Manhattan borough of New York, January 29, 2016. [Photo/Agencies]

In game theory, the "price of anarchy" describes how individuals acting in their own self-interest within a larger system tend to reduce that larger system's efficiency. It is a ubiquitous phenomenon, one that almost all of us confront, in some form, on a regular basis.

For example, the centralized, top-down approach to traffic management in a city, which comprehends the entire system, identifies choke points, and makes changes to eliminate them. This is more efficient than simply letting individual drivers make their own choices on the road, with the assumption that these choices, in aggregate, will lead to an acceptable outcome. It makes better use of all the available information and reduces the cost of anarchy.

The world today is awash in data. In 2015, mankind produced as much information as was created in all previous years of human civilization. As the internet expands into new realms of physical space through the internet of things, the price of anarchy will become a crucial metric in our society, and the temptation to eliminate it with the power of big data analytics will grow stronger.

Examples of this abound. Consider the act of buying a book online through Amazon. Amazon has a mountain of information about all of its users-from their profiles to their search histories to the sentences they highlight in e-books-which it uses to predict what they might want to buy next. As in all forms of centralized artificial intelligence, past patterns are used to forecast future ones. Amazon can look at the last 10 books you purchased and, with increasing accuracy, suggest what you might want to read next.

But here we should consider what is lost when we reduce the level of anarchy. The most meaningful book you might read after those previous 10 is not one that fits neatly into an established pattern, but rather one that surprises or challenges you to look at the world in a different way. Big data can multiply our options while filtering out things we don't want to see, but there is something to be said for discovering that 11th book through pure serendipity.

What is true of book buying is also true form any other systems that are being digitized, such as our cities and societies. Centralized municipal systems now use algorithms to monitor urban infrastructure, from traffic lights and subway use, to waste disposal and energy delivery. Many mayors worldwide are fascinated by the idea of a central control room, where city managers can respond to new information in real time.

But with centralized algorithms coming to manage every facet of society, data-driven technocracy is threatening to over whelm innovation and democracy. This outcome should be avoided at all costs. Decentralized decision-making is crucial for the enrichment of society. Data-driven optimization, conversely, derives solutions from a predetermined paradigm, which, in its current form, often excludes the transformational or counterintuitive ideas that propel humanity forward.

A certain amount of randomness in our lives allows for new ideas or modes of thinking that would otherwise be missed. And, on a macro scale, it is necessary for life itself. If nature had used predictive algorithms that pre-vented random mutation in the replication of DNA, our planet would probably still be at the stage of a very optimized single-cell organism.

The price of anarchy is a price well worth paying if we want to preserve innovation through serendipity.

Carlo Ratti directs the Sense able City Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and heads the World Economic Forum's Global Agenda Council on Future Cities. Dirk Helbing is professor of Computational Social Science at the Swiss Federal Insti-tute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich and heads the FuturICT and Nervousnet initiatives. Project Syndicate

Most Viewed in 24 Hours
Copyright 1995 - . All rights reserved. The content (including but not limited to text, photo, multimedia information, etc) published in this site belongs to China Daily Information Co (CDIC). Without written authorization from CDIC, such content shall not be republished or used in any form. Note: Browsers with 1024*768 or higher resolution are suggested for this site.
License for publishing multimedia online 0108263

Registration Number: 130349
FOLLOW US
主站蜘蛛池模板: 久久人人爽人人爽人人片 | 91tv国产成人福利 | 午夜伦理 | 538精品视频| 四虎永久免费网站 | 日本一级黄色 | 国产精品第72页 | 亚洲精品一二 | 婷婷狠狠操 | 在线青草 | 日韩综合在线观看 | 免费观看黄色大片 | 免费精品视频 | 最新国产网址 | 一本色道久久综合亚洲二区三区 | 三级黄毛片 | 精品国产午夜 | 欧美爱爱视频 | 免费看爱爱视频 | 日韩在线第二页 | 中文字幕亚洲视频 | 天天做天天爱天天爽综合网 | 亚洲tv在线 | 久久黄色片 | 99re只有精品| 特级丰满少妇一级aaaa爱毛片 | 奶波霸巨乳一二三区乳 | 亚洲成人精品一区二区 | 国产91精品一区二区 | 日本网站在线免费观看 | 黄色xxx| 久久综合久久88 | 天天草天天草 | 色综合久久久久久久 | 成人影片在线免费观看 | 国产精品99视频 | 中文字幕自拍偷拍 | 亚洲aa视频| 深夜福利久久 | www亚洲| 亚洲啪啪精品 |