However, in December 2012, the State Council announced the abolition of the dual pricing system for coal, and shifting to market-based pricing.

At the same time, it tweaked the coal-electricity price co-movement mechanism and allowed adjustment in power tariffs if coal prices fluctuated by 5 percent or more in a 12 month-period and permitted electricity generators to pass up to 90 percent of increased fuel costs to grid companies, instead of the existing 70 percent threshold.

China's power capacity up 94m kw in 2013

China seeks more influence in setting iron ore prices

Like coal, a dual pricing system for crude oil was introduced in 1984, and was virtually eliminated in 1993. Since 1998, domestic crude oil prices have tracked international prices, but refined oil product prices have not.

To address this disconnect, the government has, since May 2009, implemented a pricing mechanism by which it can adjust domestic petroleum product prices if the moving average of a basket of international crude oil prices, on a composite basis, rise by more than 4 percent within 22 consecutive working days.

To better reflect refiners' costs and adapt to fluctuations in global crude oil prices, in March last year the commission launched an automatic petroleum product pricing mechanism, shortening the 22-working-day adjustment period to 10-working-days and removing the 4 percent threshold. The government also decided to adjust the composition of the basket of crude to which oil prices are linked.

Reforms have also been undertaken for natural gas prices. A breakthrough in the reform area has been changing the existing cost-plus pricing to the "netback market value pricing" in Guangdong province and the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region.

Under the new pricing mechanism, pricing benchmarks are selected and pegged to prices of alternative fuels to establish a price linkage between natural gas and its alternative fuels. Gas prices at various stages will then be adjusted accordingly.