"The SOEs that recorded profit declines are mainly in the traditional industries instead of high-tech or emerging industries. They rely largely on expanding investment to boost growth and are easily affected by changes in the economic cycle," said Li.

The MOF data showed that SOEs in the power, electronics and housing construction sectors reported relatively fast profit growth, while those in the transportation, non-ferrous metal, coal, chemical and construction material sectors saw profit declines.

Li said steelmakers were too aggressive in increasing their size during better times and still lack the capability to negotiate iron ore prices, leading to worsening overcapacity.

In addition, SOEs have enormous expense budgets and poor management, which means some SOEs are footing the bill for inadequate performance, said Wen Zongyu, director of the State-owned Research Institute for Fiscal Science under the MOF.

Figures from the MOF revealed that the operating costs for central SOEs increased 8.8 percent year on year from January to April, while those of local SOEs rose 13.4 percent.

Exorbitant spending on receptions by some listed companies has been fiercely criticized, with the 10 biggest reception spenders, mostly SOEs, spending a combined total of 2.9 billion yuan on receptions last year.

China Railway Construction Co Ltd topped the list with total spending of 837 million yuan, equivalent to about 10 percent of the company's profits last year.