日批在线视频_内射毛片内射国产夫妻_亚洲三级小视频_在线观看亚洲大片短视频_女性向h片资源在线观看_亚洲最大网

Economy

Freight charges are the focus for steelmakers

By Zhang Qi (China Daily)
Updated: 2011-02-10 10:06
Large Medium Small

BEIJING - The focus of iron ore negotiations between Chinese steelmakers and global iron ore producers this year will shift to freight price stabilization, to keep steelmakers' costs low, the Economic Observer Newspaper reported.

China's steel mills and its steel lobby body, the China Iron and Steel Association (CISA), have accepted the mechanism of quarterly iron ore pricing, the report said. In January, the Australian miner BHP Billiton Ltd moved to a monthly set-pricing system after three mining companies abandoned a 40-year tradition of annual iron ore negotiations in March 2010 and turned to a quarterly pricing mechanism linked to iron ore indexes.

The CISA has previously insisted that Chinese steel mills should have long-term iron ore prices, which could stabilize their raw material costs.

The report said this year's negotiations are no longer about whether to accept quarterly pricing, but have shifted to freight costs. Shipping costs from Australia to China can vary widely, from $6 to $50 per ton.

The big three miners, BHP, Vale SA, and Rio Tinto Group currently offer FOB (free on board) prices to Chinese steelmakers, while the world's major three iron ore indexes calculate CFR (cost, freight) prices, using a formula based on the average spot market price over the previous quarter.

According to historical records, ocean freight costs will fall before the annual negotiations, but once they are completed, the price is likely to rise dramatically.

The recent rally in spot iron ore prices is likely to push up second-quarter contract rates to a record $165 a ton for ore FOB from Australian mines with an iron content of 62 percent, a Reuters poll reported.

Platts' 62 percent iron ore remains at $187.3 a ton, including freight, delivered to China, a record reached last week.

Related readings:
Freight charges are the focus for steelmakers Steel industry plan forged
Freight charges are the focus for steelmakers Steel output likely to increase
Freight charges are the focus for steelmakers Iron ore imports decline
Freight charges are the focus for steelmakers Chinese steel mills pay $26b more for iron ore imports

The Steel Index (TSI) 62 percent iron ore benchmark was also steady at $185.6 and Metal Bulletin's 62 percent ore was unchanged at $183.4.

The CISA is in discussion with Australian miners about the stabilization of freight charges to reduce volatility and keep costs stable, said an executive with a State-owned steelmaker, who declined to be named as the issue is sensitive.

The Brazilian company, Vale, in 2009 signed independent ore contracts with Chinese steel mills for fixed freight charges to further expand its presence in the country.

Some Chinese steelmakers have signed pricing contracts valid for three to four years with Vale for fixed freight, according to earlier reports.

Unlike BHP and Rio, which ship ore from Australia, Vale needs to transport iron ore from Brazil to China, resulting in much higher freight costs.

Vale is building 16 large ore carriers to reduce transportation costs between China and Brazil.

Freight costs from Brazil to China can vary from $10 to $110 per ton, based on historical records.

分享按鈕
主站蜘蛛池模板: 中文字幕在线第一页 | 国产视频在线一区二区 | 全部孕妇毛片丰满孕妇孕交 | 国产极品久久久 | 91天堂网 | 久久久精品影视 | 久久视频在线播放 | 日韩精品一二三区 | 免费观看黄色片子 | 人妖和人妖互交性xxxx视频 | 久久久久久蜜桃 | av三级在线播放 | 一二三四在线观看视频 | 九色在线观看视频 | 午夜视频在线观看免费视频 | 美女久久久久久久久 | 精品一区二区在线观看 | 在线观看h | √8天堂资源地址中文在线 亚洲成人黄色片 | 青春草在线视频观看 | 欧美做受视频 | 国产成人在线免费 | 97超碰伊人 | 亚洲综合伊人 | 亚洲激情自拍 | 三级国产精品 | 久草超碰在线 | av看看 | 每日更新av | 美女激情啪啪 | 日韩爱爱网 | 成人一区在线观看 | 黄色一级免费片 | 久久精品亚洲 | 亚洲男女天堂 | 亚洲精品日韩欧美 | 爱草在线| 黑人黄色片 | 深夜视频在线免费观看 | 国产日韩综合 | 在线免费观看黄色av |