日批在线视频_内射毛片内射国产夫妻_亚洲三级小视频_在线观看亚洲大片短视频_女性向h片资源在线观看_亚洲最大网

   

Economics

(Wikipedia)
Updated: 2006-09-30 15:29

Areas of study in economics

Economics is usually divided into two main branches:

Microeconomics examines the economic behaviour of individual units such as businesses and households in face of scarcity and government interactions, as well as the economic consequences of these decisions on other actors.

Macroeconomics examines an economy as a whole with a view to understanding the interaction between economic aggregates such as national income, employment and inflation. Note that general equilibrium theory combines concepts of a macro-economic view of the economy, but does so from a strictly constructed microeconomic viewpoint.

Attempts to join these two branches or to refute the distinction between them have been important motivators in much of recent economic thought, especially in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Today, the consensus view is arguably that good macroeconomics has solid microeconomic foundations. In other words, its premises ought to have theoretical and evidential support in microeconomics. A few authors (for example, Kurt Dopfer and Stuart Holland) also argue that 'mesoeconomics', which considers the intermediate level of economic organization such as markets and other institutional arrangements, should be considered a third branch of economic study.

Economics can also be divided into numerous subdisciplines that do not always fit neatly into the macro-micro categorization. These subdisciplines include: international economics, development economics, industrial organization, public finance, economic psychology, economic sociology, institutional economics and economic geography.

There are also methodologies used by economists whose underlying theories are important.

The most significant example may be econometrics, which applies statistical techniques to the study of economic data. Computational economics relies on mathematical methods, including econometrics.

Another trend which is more recent, and closer to microeconomics, is to use social psychology concepts (behavioural economics) and methods (experimental economics) to understand deviations from the predictions of neoclassical economics.
Evolutionary economics often deals with the otherwise difficult questions related to the role of 'routines' and 'capabilities' in explaining heterogeneity in firm outcomes.
Finance has traditionally been considered a part of economics – as its body of results emerges naturally from microeconomics – but has today effectively established itself as a separate, though closely related, discipline.

There has been an increasing trend for ideas and methods from economics to be applied in wider contexts. Since economic analysis focuses on decision making, it can be applied, with varying degrees of success, to any field where people are faced with alternatives – education, marriage, health, etc. Public choice theory studies how economic analysis can apply to those fields traditionally considered outside of economics. The areas of investigation in economics therefore overlap with other social sciences, including political science and sociology. The most prevalent political economy is loosely called capitalism.


 12

(For more biz stories, please visit Industry Updates)



主站蜘蛛池模板: 综合中文字幕 | 成人激情视频在线播放 | 亚洲午夜精品一区二区三区他趣 | 在线播放国产一区 | 亚洲精品人人 | 久操久操久操 | 92久久| 久久男女视频 | 性欧美极品另类 | 成年免费视频黄网站在线观看 | 亚洲高清自拍 | 香蕉视频在线网址 | 日本视频在线免费 | 成年人视频网址 | 迪迦奥特曼中文版 | 久久久久中文字幕亚洲精品 | av黄网 | 四虎新网址 | 亚洲福利久久 | 欧美综合一区二区 | 亚洲国产精品视频一区 | 国产精品午夜影院 | av综合在线观看 | 久久久精品网站 | 亚洲色图欧美日韩 | 992tv在线观看 | 久久伊人精品 | 国产图区| 日韩激情在线 | 久久久视频| www.婷婷色 | 欧美 唯美 清纯 偷拍 | 超碰97观看 | 欧美激情一区二区三区 | 国产精品免费一区 | 欧美看片 | 在线观看av资源 | 亚洲天堂欧美 | 欧美亚洲综合在线 | 精品一区久久 | 天堂综合|