[Photo provided to China Daily]

As for other sports there is traditional Mongolian wrestling. Called bokh in the local language, it symbolizes strength and courage.

One of its defining features is the dance that the combatants perform as they enter or exit the arena. The dance has both physical and spiritual aspects; it helps the wrestlers show their respect for nature and their opponents, while providing a good warm-up.

Meanwhile, at Chilechuan, a Mongolian prayer ceremony is performed before the start of all competitions.

Erdeneqad, 51, who works at the Mausoleum of Genghis Khan, performs the ritual before a table that holds roast lamb, dairy products and parched rice.

During the ritual, a group of seniors utter chants which praise the feats of Genghis Khan.

"Not everyone can perform this ritual," says Erdenegad.

"The rituals require people with special training."

The opening ceremony of the Naadam at Chilechuan also saw a grand pageant of 600 ethnic Mongolians wearing traditional costumes, and a performance by Chinese, Mongolian and Russian singers.