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China's massive Yangtze River, a freshwater lifeline for tens of millions of people, is seriously and largely irreversibly polluted.

More than 600 kilometers (370 miles) of the river are in critical condition and almost 30 percent of its major tributaries are seriously polluted, a report by the Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences said.

The pollution, along with dams and heavy boat traffic, has caused a sharp decline in aquatic life along the Yangtze.

The report said the annual harvest of aquatic products from the river has dropped from 427,000 tons in the 1950s to about 100,000 tons in the 1990s.

"The impact of human activities on the Yangtze water ecology is largely irreversible," Yang Guishan, a researcher at the institute, said.

The government faces a challenge in much of the country to deal with worsening pollution caused rapid economic growth and the widespread flouting of environmental regulations.

The Yangtze accounts for 35 percent of China's total fresh water resources but it is also responsible for 70 to 75 percent of the country's floods, the report said.

"Flood control remains an arduous task along the Yangtze, given rising temperatures and frequent occurrences of extreme weather over the last 50 years," Yang said.

He said the Three Gorges Dam, the world's biggest hydropower project, reduced flood risks in the middle reaches, but the risk of flooding remained high in the lower reaches.

But the report also showed that the huge reservoir created by the Three Gorges Dam project was seriously polluted by pesticides, fertilizers and sewage from passenger boats.

The Yangtze is about 6,200 kilometers (3,860 miles) long and runs from the Tibetan plateau to the sea near Shanghai, passing through some of China's major cities, such as Chongqing and Nanjing.