Like many medium-sized markets, Australia is large enough to matter to tech giants but not large enough to dictate terms. Its policies and their consequences will therefore serve as lessons for other nations facing similar debates and designing their own social media rules.

The reaction from Silicon Valley will be the first major test. Social media companies like Meta and TikTok have expressed concern and disappointment over Australia's ban on social media for under-16s, criticizing the legislation as rushed and lacking proper consultation or evidence. They argue the ban could drive young users toward less safe corners of the internet and point out that their platforms already include age-appropriate safety features.

Indeed, other Western nations have taken different paths. Rather than banning social media, the European Union seeks to rein in Big Tech through transparency requirements and risk assessments under its Digital Services Act and General Data Protection Regulation.

By contrast, in the United States, lobbyists and constitutional challenges citing free speech have tied the hands of the federal government, while states like Florida and Texas have introduced their own social media bans for minors under 14 and 18, respectively, creating a chaotic legal briar patch.