Dai explains that these kinds of bookstores and workshops are emerging as visitors seek experiences beyond just attractions.

"In the past, visitors would typically visit the Mogao Caves, Xuanquan's ruins, Singing Sand Dunes, and Crescent Moon Lake. But today, besides these cultural heritage sites, we have many tourism performances … through which visitors can experience the richness and historical depth of Dunhuang's culture."

He hopes that the creatives updating the cultural industry will think more outside the box.

"Can the Dunhuang Expo diversify its art forms? Symphony and dance are art forms, but what about street dance? What about e-sports as a modern trend?" he asks.

He hails the inclusion of a youth panel at this year's event as a compass pointing toward tomorrow.

"Any endeavor or industry that fails to attract young people has no future. This year's expo highlights youth, which is very practical and can help elevate the platform's quality," he says. "To attract youth, keywords like 'fashion', 'vitality', and 'future' are essential.

"While young people may appreciate cultural heritage, they're more interested in seeing what the future holds."

What this means for this desert destination in the years to come is something that only the sands of time will tell.