As well as those inventions that improved the processes of industry, there were also those that solved day-today problems and bettered people's quality of life.

One model shows an improved washing machine, which employs a slat band, making washing clothes an easier, more efficient task. The Hagley collection has more than 100 washing machine patent models, each with a unique difference and perceived or actual improvement.

Another model shows an ice cream freezer, applied for by John Rote. He did several jobs including teaching, selling insurance and working at restaurants before committing himself to invention.

Of patent holders at the time, 99 percent were men, while there were also woman inventors, such as Margaret Knight who was awarded dozens of patents in her lifetime, but is probably most well known for inventing the flat-bottomed paper bag－a patent that was stolen, but for which she successfully sued to regain.

Contact the writer at linqi@chinadaily.com.cn

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